Summary about Disease
Kawasaki-like syndrome (also known as Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children or MIS-C) is a rare but serious condition that primarily affects children and adolescents. It's characterized by inflammation of various body parts, including the heart, lungs, kidneys, brain, skin, eyes, and gastrointestinal organs. It often occurs after a COVID-19 infection or exposure. It shares some symptoms with Kawasaki disease but has distinct features.
Symptoms
Symptoms of Kawasaki-like syndrome can vary but commonly include:
Fever (often high and persistent)
Rash
Red or cracked lips and tongue ("strawberry tongue")
Redness and swelling of the hands and feet
Red eyes (conjunctivitis)
Swollen lymph nodes in the neck
Abdominal pain, diarrhea, or vomiting
Fatigue
Heart problems (e.g., myocarditis, coronary artery aneurysms)
Difficulty breathing
Causes
The exact cause of Kawasaki-like syndrome is not fully understood. However, it is strongly associated with a previous COVID-19 infection or exposure. It's believed to be an immune system overreaction to the virus, leading to widespread inflammation.
Medicine Used
Treatment for Kawasaki-like syndrome typically involves:
Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG): To help reduce inflammation.
Corticosteroids: Such as methylprednisolone, to further reduce inflammation.
Aspirin: To prevent blood clots and reduce inflammation (under strict medical supervision).
Other medications: May be used to address specific symptoms or complications, such as heart problems.
Is Communicable
Kawasaki-like syndrome itself is not communicable. It is not spread from person to person. It is an inflammatory response within an individual, often triggered by a prior infection.
Precautions
Preventing COVID-19 infection through vaccination and following public health guidelines (masking, social distancing, hand hygiene) can help reduce the risk of developing Kawasaki-like syndrome. If a child develops symptoms of Kawasaki-like syndrome, seek immediate medical attention.
How long does an outbreak last?
The duration of symptoms varies among individuals. With prompt treatment, most children improve within days to weeks. However, the long-term effects, particularly on the heart, require ongoing monitoring. The frequency of MIS-C cases is linked to surges in COVID-19 cases.
How is it diagnosed?
Diagnosis of Kawasaki-like syndrome is based on a combination of clinical criteria, including:
Persistent fever
Inflammatory markers in blood tests (e.g., elevated CRP, ESR)
Presence of several characteristic symptoms (rash, red eyes, etc.)
Evidence of heart involvement (e.g., echocardiogram)
Exclusion of other conditions with similar symptoms
Timeline of Symptoms
The timeline of symptoms can vary, but a general progression is as follows:
Days 1-5: Fever, often high and persistent.
Days 2-7: Rash, red eyes, red/cracked lips and tongue.
Days 5-10: Swelling of hands and feet, swollen lymph nodes.
Later: Abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, heart problems. It's important to note that symptoms can overlap, and not all children will experience every symptom. The timeline is a general guideline.
Important Considerations
Kawasaki-like syndrome is a serious condition requiring prompt diagnosis and treatment.
Early intervention can significantly reduce the risk of long-term complications, especially heart problems.
Parents and caregivers should be aware of the symptoms and seek medical attention immediately if they suspect their child has the condition.
Long-term follow-up with a cardiologist is essential to monitor for any heart-related issues.
MIS-C can occur even if the initial COVID-19 infection was mild or asymptomatic.